Hazardous Waste Collection, Transportation & Disposal
Hazardous-waste management, the collection, treatment, and disposal of waste material that, when improperly handled, can cause substantial harm to human health and safety or to the environment. Hazardous wastes can take the form of solids, liquids, sludges, or contained gases, and they are generated primarily by chemical production, manufacturing, and other industrial activities. They may cause damage during inadequate storage, transportation, treatment, or disposal operations. Improper hazardous-waste storage or disposal frequently contaminates surface water and groundwater supplies as harmful water pollution and can also be a source of dangerous land pollution. People living in homes built near old and abandoned waste disposal sites may be in a particularly vulnerable position. In an effort to remedy existing problems and to prevent future harm from hazardous wastes, governments closely regulate the practice of hazardous-waste management.
Guidelines for Co-processing Non – recyclable plastics in Cement kiln:
Co-processing of non-recyclable plastic waste has to be carried out in phased manner. This includes various processes which can support in effective disposal of waste without adverse effect on the environment and stake holders.
The various steps are involved in Co-processing of waste in cement kiln are as follows.
1) Suitability/acceptance of material for co-processing
2) Trial run and monitoring of Waste Co-processing
> Process monitoring for co-processing
> Quality assurance of the final product
> Emission monitoring for co-processing
> Parameters to be monitored and documented during trial priod
3) Quantity estimates for BFR plastic co-processing
4) Environmental guidelines in India for waste co-processing
Advantages of co-processing in cement kiln
1) Due to the high temperature in cement kiln 1250-1450°C, all types of wastes can be effectively disposed.
2) Residence time of 4-5 sec in cement kilns
3) oxygen rich atmosphere, which aids complete combustions of the waste material and better efficiency then incinerators
4) The thermal stability due to temperature and long residence time, makes complete destruction of the waste material
5) Waste materials in the kiln are in contact with a large flow of alkaline (basic) materials that neutralize potential acid off-gases from combustion. destruction of the waste material
6) No ash left over after co-processing, minerals are trapped in the matrix of the clinker
7) Cement kiln co-processing technology is accepted by Basel convention for disposal of hazardous wastes
8) The cement kiln co-processing technology is accepted by Montreal protocol for disposal of POPs
9) Reduces the overall Greenhouse gas emissions and Conservation of fossil fuel resources.
10) Integrated solutions to waste management.
11) Immobilisation of toxic and heavy metals.